Panji Semirang

Folklore from East Java

KURIPAN was a big kingdom. The king had a son. His name was Raden Inu Kertapati. The prince was engaged with a princess from Daha kingdom. Her name was Dewi Candra Kirana. One day, Raden Inu Kertapati planned to visit Daha kingdom. He wanted to meet his fiance.
Raden Inu Kertapati went to Daha kingdom with his guards. While they were riding the horses,suddenly a group of people from Asmarantaka stopped them. The leader was Panji Semirang. Upon hearing their place of origin, Raden Inu Kertapati and his guards were alert. They heard that Asmarantaka was a place of thieves.
Panji Semarang would like to meet him. Raden Inu Kertapati agreed. However, Panji Semirang greeted him nicely. Raden Inu Kertapati almost not believe it.
"Don't believe what you heard, Raden. We are not thieves," said Panji Semirang.
Raden Inu Kertapati felt so strange. He felt he already met and knew Panji Semirang for a long time. He was really familliar with Panji Semirang.
Raden Inu Kertapati then continued his trip to Daha kingdom. When he arrived, the king welcomed him nicely. The king was accompanied by his concubine. Dewi Liku, and their daughter. Her name Dewi Ajeng. However, his fiance was not there. He asked Dewi Liku, "Where is Dewi Candra Kirana?"
"Your fience is going crazy. She left the kingdom and went to the jungle."
While talking to Raden Inu, Dewi Liku put a spell on him. She was doing black magic to him. She would make Raden Inu Kertapati forget his fience. She wanted him to marry her daughter, Dewi Ajeng.
Her planned worked. The king set a wedding party. Dewi Ajeng and Dewi Liku were extremely happy. Suddenly people were screaming.
"Fire! Fire!"
Yes, the palace was on fire. Everybody ran for help. The soldiers were trying to extinguish the fire. And some of them were rescuing the king and his family.
While Raden Inu Kertapati was leaving the palace, his memory of Dewi Candra Kirana came back. He and his guards were looking for his fience. He then remembered something. He knew why he was so familiar with Panji Semirang. He really looked like Dewi Candra Kirana. He was so sure that Panji Semirang was Dewi Candra Kirana!
Raden Inu could not find Panji Semirang anywhere. He finally arrived in Galenggang kingdom. The people there were restless. A group of thieves were stealing their property. Raden Inu and his guards helped the people. They were fighting with the tieves.
Raden Inu and his guards won the fight. The thieves ran away.
The king of Gelanggang kingdom was happy. To honour his great help, he held a party. He asked a poet to perform. His name was Jaka Asmara. His poetry was titled A very Sad Love Story. Raden Inu was touched. He felt that the poetry was about his life.
He was looking at Raden Asmara carefully. He felt so familiar with him. Suddenly he realized that Raden Asmara was Dewi Candra Kirana. She was also under the spell. The spell broke when she met Raden Inu. They were happy. Raden Inu asked her to go to his home in Kuripan kingdom. Later, they got married and lived happily ever after.

Dang Gedunai

Folklore from Riau

ONCE upon a time in Riau, lived a kid named Dang Gedunai. He lived with his mother. His father passed away when he was a baby. Dang Gedunai was a stubborn kid. His mother was sad. He was her only child but he never made her happy.

“Mother, I want to go to the river. I want to go fishing,” said Dang Gedunai.

“It’s cloudy outside. Rain will soon fall. Why don’t you just stay at home?”

As always Dang Gedunai ignored her. He then went to the river. It was very cloudy when he arrived at the riverside. Soon it was drizzling but Dang Gedunai was still busy fishing. Later rain fell down heavily. Dang Gedunai finally gave up. However right before he left, he saw something shining in the river.

It was a very big egg. Carefully, Dang Gedunai brought the egg home. His mother was surprised to see him brought a big egg.

“What egg is that? Where did you find it?”

“In the river, Mother.”

“Be careful with the egg. You have to return it,” replied his mother.

As always, he ignored his mother’s advice. He planned to boil the egg and ate it.

In the morning, his mother was ready to go to the paddy field. Again, she advised him to put the egg back to the river. Dang Gedunai did not say anything.

When his mother left the house, he immediately boiled the egg. When it was cooked, he ate it. It was so delicious. He was so full then he fell asleep. He had a dream. A giant dragon came to him.

“You stole my egg. For the punishment, you will become a dragon!”

Dang Gedunai woke up. He felt very thirsty. Later his mother went home.

“What happened?”

“I don’t know. Suddenly I feel very thirsty. My throat is very hot.”

His mother then gave him a glass of water. It’s not enough. He drank another glass, then another glass, then another glass until there was not any water in the house. His mother asked him to go the pond. Dang Gedunai drank all the water until the pond was dried. But it was not enough. Then they went to the river.

Again it was not enough. Dang Gedunai knew his dream would come true. He would become a dragon.

“Mother, please forgive me. I ignored you. I ate the egg. It was a dragon’s egg. I will change as a dragon. I cannot live with you anymore. I will live in the sea. If you see big waves in the sea, that means I’m eating. But if the waves are calmed, then I’m sleeping,” said Dang Gedunai.

His mother cried. Then slowly Dang Gedunai left her. His mother then told the villagers not to go to the sea when the waves were big. Her son was eating.

Until now fishermen do not want to go fishing in the sea when the waves are big. They know the dragon is eating. They just wait until the dragon is finished eating and the waves are calmed

Princess Mandalika

Folklore from Nusa Tenggara Barat

ONCE upon a time, there was a kingdom in Lombok. The king had a very beautiful daughter. Her name was Princess Mandalika. She was very beautiful, many young men fell in love with her.

Princes from all over the place wanted to marry her. One by one, they came to propose her. Princess Mandalika was a kind girl. She hated to make people sad. So, when those princes came to propose her to be their wives, she was very confused. She could not decide, and she also did not want to make them sad.

The king then held a competition in Seger Kuta beach, Lombok. He asked all the princes to take part in archery competition. The rule was simple: whoever shot the target perfectly, he could be the husband of his beautiful daughter.

One by one, all participants tried their best. They all wanted to be the winners. After several time, there was no winner. All the participants were great. Those princes were great in archery.
Because there was no a winner, then they started to argue. They claimed to be the best. The argument was getting hotter and hotter. Finally, they all were fighting. Soon, the fighting was bigger. It was like a war, because all princes brought their soldiers in the archery competition.

Princess Mandalika was really worried. She did not want the war to get bigger and hurt many people. Finally, she had an idea.

"Everybody, listen up! I know you all love me and want me to be your wife. But I can't be all your wives. I don't want you to fight because of me. And I don't want you to be sad either. I want you all to have me, but not as your wives. I want to be someone that everybody can have. I want to be useful for you. I want to be nyale that you all can enjoy together," said Princess Mandalika.

The king and all other people in the beach did not understand what she meant. The king then came to her. But before he came closer to his daughter, Princess Mandalika jumped to the sea. She was disappeared in the big waves.

It was chaos on the beach. People were screaming. All the princes tried to swim to find the princess. But no one dared to jump in the sea, the waves were too high.

After several hours trying to search the princess, suddenly they found a lot of sea worms on the beach. The king then realized that his daughter had returned as sea worms. Later he named the worms as nyale.

Until now, people in Lombok always try to catch nyale. Nyale is very delicious and that is why more and more people come to Lombok to catch it. However, they cannot catch it anytime they want. They can only find it once a year, in February or March. The tradition to catch the sea worms is called Bau Nyale.

Danzayémon, Chief of the Etas

At Asakusa, in Yedo, there lives a man called Danzayémon, the chief of the Etas. This man traces his pedigree back to Minamoto no Yoritomo, who founded the Shogunate in the year 1192 A.D. The whole of the Etas in Japan are under his jurisdiction; his subordinates are called Koyagashira, or "chiefs of the huts"; and they constitute the government of the Etas. In the "Legacy of Iyéyasu," the 36th Law provides as follows:

All wandering mendicants, such as male sorcerers, female diviners, hermits, blind people, beggars, and tanners (Etas), have had from of old their respective rulers. Be not disinclined, however, to punish any such who give rise to disputes, or who overstep the boundaries of their own classes and are disobedient to existing laws.

The occupation of the Etas is to kill and flay horses, oxen, and other beasts, to stretch drums and make shoes; and if they are very poor, they wander from house to house, working as cobblers, mending old shoes and leather, and so earn a scanty livelihood. Besides this, their daughters and young married women gain a trifle as wandering minstrels, called Torioi, playing on the shamisen, a sort of banjo, and singing ballads. They never marry out of their own fraternity, but remain apart, a despised and shunned race.

At execution by crucifixion it is the duty of the Etas to transfix the victims with spears; and, besides this, they have to perform all sorts of degrading offices about criminals, such as carrying sick prisoners from their cells to the hall of justice, and burying the bodies of those that have been executed. Thus their race is polluted and accursed, and they are hated accordingly.

Now this is how the Etas come to be under the jurisdiction of Danzayémon:

When Minamoto no Yoritomo was yet a child, his father, Minamoto no Yoshitomo, fought with Taira no Kiyomori, and was killed by treachery: so his family was ruined; and Yoshitomo's concubine, whose name was Tokiwa, took her children and fled from the house, to save her own and their lives. But Kiyomori, desiring to destroy the family of Yoshitomo root and branch, ordered his retainers to divide themselves into bands, and seek out the children. At last they were found; but Tokiwa was so exceedingly beautiful that Kiyomori was inflamed with love for her, and desired her to become his own concubine. Then Tokiwa told Kiyomori that if he would spare her little ones she would share his couch; but that if he killed her children she would destroy herself rather than yield to his desire. When he heard this, Kiyomori, bewildered by the beauty of Tokiwa, spared the lives of her children, but banished them from the capital.

So Yoritomo was sent to Hirugakojima, in the province of Idzu; and when he grew up and became a man, he married the daughter of a peasant. After a while Yoritomo left the province, and went to the wars, leaving his wife pregnant; and in due time she was delivered of a male child, to the delight of her parents, who rejoiced that their daughter should bear seed to a nobleman; but she soon fell sick and died, and the old people took charge of the babe. And when they also died, the care of the child fell to his mother's kinsmen, and he grew up to be a peasant.

Now Kiyomori, the enemy of Yoritomo, had been gathered to his fathers; and Yoritomo had avenged the death of his father by slaying Munémori, the son of Kiyomori; and there was peace throughout the land. And Yoritomo became the chief of all the noble houses in Japan, and first established the government of the country. When Yoritomo had thus raised himself to power, if the son that his peasant wife had born to him had proclaimed himself the sons of the mighty prince, he would have been made lord over a province; but he took no thought of this, and remained a tiller of the earth, forfeiting a glorious inheritance; and his descendants after him lived as peasants in the same village, increasing in prosperity and in good repute among their neighbors.

But the princely line of Yoritomo came to an end in three generations, and the house of Hojo was all-powerful in the land.

Now it happened that the head of the house of Hojo heard that a descendant of Yoritomo was living as a peasant in the land, so he summoned him and said: "It is a hard thing to see the son of an illustrious house live and die a peasant. I will promote you to the rank of Samurai."

Then the peasant answered: "My lord, if I become a Samurai, and the retainer of some noble, I shall not be so happy as when I was my own master. If I may not remain a husbandman, let me be a chief over men, however humble they may be."

But my lord Hojo was angry at this, and thinking to punish the peasant for his insolence, said: "Since you wish to become a chief over men, no matter how humble, there is no means of gratifying your strange wish but by making you chief over the Etas of the whole country. So now see that you rule them well."

When he heard this, the peasant was afraid; but because he had said that he wished to become a chief over men, however humble, he could not choose but become chief of the Etas, he and his children after him for ever; and Danzayémon, who rules the Etas at the present time, and lives at Asakusa, is his lineal descendant.

The Stonecutter

Once upon a time there lived a stonecutter, who went every day to a great rock in the side of a big mountain and cut out slabs for gravestones or for houses. He understood very well the kinds of stones wanted for the different purposes, and as he was a careful workman he had plenty of customers. For a long time he was quite happy and contented, and asked for nothing better than what he had.

Now in the mountain dwelt a spirit which now and then appeared to men, and helped them in many ways to become rich and prosperous. The stonecutter, however, had never seen this spirit, and only shook his head, with an unbelieving air, when anyone spoke of it. But a time was coming when he learned to change his opinion.

One day the stonecutter carried a gravestone to the house of a rich man, and saw there all sorts of beautiful things, of which he had never even dreamed. Suddenly his daily work seemed to grow harder and heavier, and he said to himself: "Oh, if only I were a rich man, and could sleep in a bed with silken curtains and golden tassels, how happy I should be!"

And a voice answered him: "Your wish is heard; a rich man you shall be!"

At the sound of the voice the stonecutter looked around, but could see nobody. He thought it was all his fancy, and picked up his tools and went home, for he did not feel inclined to do any more work that day. But when he reached the little house where he lived, he stood still with amazement, for instead of his wooden hut was a stately palace filled with splendid furniture, and most splendid of all was the bed, in every respect like the one he had envied. He was nearly beside himself with joy, and in his new life the old one was soon forgotten.

It was now the beginning of summer, and each day the sun blazed more fiercely. One morning the heat was so great that the stonecutter could scarcely breathe, and he determined he would stop at home till the evening. He was rather dull, for he had never learned how to amuse himself, and was peeping through the closed blinds to see what was going on in the street, when a little carriage passed by, drawn by servants dressed in blue and silver. In the carriage sat a prince, and over his head a golden umbrella was held, to protect him from the sun's rays.

"Oh, if I were only a prince!" said the stonecutter to himself, as the carriage vanished around the corner. "Oh, if I were only a prince, and could go in such a carriage and have a golden umbrella held over me, how happy I should be!"

And a prince he was. Before his carriage rode one company of men and another behind it; servants dressed in scarlet and gold bore him along, the coveted umbrella was held over his head, everything his heart could desire was his. But yet it was not enough. He looked around still for something to wish for, and when he saw that in spite of the water he poured on the grass the rays of the sun scorched it, and that in spite of the umbrella held over his head each day his face grew browner and browner, he cried in his anger: "The sun is mightier than I; oh, if I were only the sun!"

And the mountain spirit answered: "Your wish is heard; the sun you shall be."

And the sun he was, and felt himself proud in his power. He shot his beams above and below, on earth and in heaven; he burnt up the grass in the fields and scorched the faces of princes as well as of poorer folk. but in a short time he began to grow tired of his might, for there seemed nothing left for him to do. Discontent once more filled his soul, and when a cloud covered his face, and hid the earth from him, he cried in his anger: "Does the cloud hold captive my rays, and is it mightier than I? Oh, that I were a cloud, and mightier than any!"

And the mountain spirit answered: "Your wish is heard; a cloud you shall be!"

And a cloud he was, and lay between the sun and the earth. He caught the sun's beams and held them, and to his joy the earth grew green again and flowers blossomed. But that was not enough for him, and for days and week he poured forth rain till the rivers overflowed their banks, and the crops of rice stood in water. Towns and villages were destroyed by the power of the rain, only the great rock on the mountainside remained unmoved. The cloud was amazed at the sight, and cried in wonder: "Is the rock, then, mightier than I? Oh, if I were only the rock!"

And the mountain spirit answered; "Your wish is heard; the rock you shall be!"

And the rock he was, and gloried in his power. Proudly he stood, and neither the heat of the sun nor the force of the rain could move him. "This is better than all!" he said to himself. But one day he heard a strange noise at his feet, and when he looked down to see what it could be, he saw a stonecutter driving tools into his surface. Even while he looked a trembling feeling ran all through him, and a great block broke off and fell upon the ground. Then he cried in his wrath: "Is a mere child of earth mightier than a rock? Oh, if I were only a man!"

And the mountain spirit answered: "Your wish is heard. A man once more you shall be!"

And a man he was, and in the sweat of his brow he toiled again at his trade of stone cutting. His bed was hard and his food scanty, but he had learned to be satisfied with it, and did not long to be something or somebody else. And as he never asked for things he did not have, or desired to be greater and mightier than other people, he was happy at last, and never again heard the voice of the mountain spirit.

A Woman and the Bell of Miidera

In the ancient monastery of Miidera there was a great bronze bell. It rang out every morning and evening, a clear, rich note, and its surface shone like sparkling dew. The priests would not allow any woman to strike it, because they thought that such an action would pollute and dull the metal, as well as bring calamity upon them.

When a certain pretty woman who lived in Kyoto heard this, she grew extremely inquisitive, and at last, unable to restrain her curiosity, she said: "I will go and see this wonderful bell of Miidera. I will make it send forth a soft note, and in its shining surface, bigger and brighter than a thousand mirrors, I will paint and powder my face and dress my hair."

At length this vain and irreverent woman reached the belfry in which the great bell was suspended, at a time when all were absorbed in their sacred duties. She looked into the gleaming bell and saw her pretty eyes, flushed cheeks, and laughing dimples. Presently she stretched forth her little fingers, lightly touched the shining metal, and prayed that she might have as great and splendid a mirror for her own. When the bell felt this woman's fingers, the bronze that she touched shrank, leaving a little hollow, and losing at the same time all its exquisite polish.

The Tongue-Cut Sparrow

Once upon a time there lived an old man and an old woman. The old man, who had a kind heart, kept a young sparrow, which he tenderly nurtured. But the dame was a cross-grained old thing; and one day, when the sparrow had pecked at some paste with which she was going to starch her linen, she flew into a great rage, and cut the sparrow's tongue and let it loose.

When the old man came home from the hills and found that the bird had flown, he asked what had become of it; so the old woman answered that she had cut its tongue and let it go, because it had stolen her starching-paste. Now the old man, hearing this cruel tale, was sorely grieved, and thought to himself: "Alas! Where can my bird be gone? Poor thing! Poor little tongue-cut sparrow! Where is your home now?" and he wandered far and wide, seeking for his pet, and crying: "Mr. Sparrow! Mr. Sparrow! Where are you living?"

One day, at the foot of a certain mountain, the old man fell in with the lost bird; and when they had congratulated one another on their mutual safety, the sparrow led the old man to his home, and, having introduced him to his wife and chicks, set before him all sorts of dainties, and entertained him hospitably.

"Please partake of our humble fare," said the sparrow. Poor as it is, you are very welcome."

"What a polite sparrow!" answered the old man, who remained for a long time as the sparrow's guest, and was daily feasted right royally. At last the old man said that he must take his leave and return home; and the bird, offering him two wicker baskets, begged him to carry them with him as a parting present. One of the baskets was heavy, and the other was light; so the old man, saying that as he was feeble and stricken in years he would only accept the light one, shouldered it, and trudged off home, leaving the sparrow family disconsolate at parting from him.

When the old man got home, the dame grew very angry, and began to scold him saying: "Well, and pray where have you been this many a day? A pretty thing, indeed, to be gadding about at your time of life!"

"Oh!" replied he, "I have been on a visit to the sparrows; and when I came away, they gave me this wicker basket as a parting gift." Then they opened the basket to see what was inside, and, lo and behold, it was full of gold and silver and precious things. When the old woman, who was as greedy as she was cross, saw all the riches displayed before her, she changed her scolding strain, and could not contain herself for joy.

"I'll go and call upon the sparrows, too," said she, "and get a pretty present." So she asked the old man the way to the sparrows' house, and set forth on her journey.

Following his direction, she at last met the tongue-cut sparrow, and exclaimed: "Well met! Well met, Mr. Sparrow! I have been looking forward to the pleasure of seeing you." So she tried to flatter and cajole the sparrow by soft speeches.

The bird could not but invite the dame to its home; but it took no pains to feast her, and said nothing about a parting gift. She, however, was not to be put off; so she asked for something to carry away with her in remembrance of her visit. The sparrow accordingly produced two baskets, as before, and the greedy old woman, choosing the heavier of the two, carried it off with her. But when she opened the basket to see what was inside, all sorts of hobgoblins and elves sprang out of it, and began to torment her.

But the old man adopted a son, and his family grew rich and prosperous. What a happy old man!

Visu the Woodsman and the Old Priest

Many years ago there lived on the then barren plain of Suruga a woodsman by the name of Visu. He was a giant in stature, and lived in a hut with his wife and children.

One day Visu received a visit from an old priest, who said to him: "Honorable woodsman, I am afraid you never pray."

Visu replied: "If you had a wife and a large family to keep, you would never have time to pray."

This remark made the priest angry, and the old man gave the woodcutter a vivid description of the horror of being reborn as a toad, or a mouse, or an insect for millions of years. Such lurid details were not to Visu's liking, and he accordingly promised the priest that in future he would pray.

"Work and pray," said the priest as he took his departure.

Unfortunately Visu did nothing but pray. He prayed all day long and refused to do any work, so that his rice crops withered and his wife and family starved. Visu's wife, who had hitherto never said a harsh or bitter word to her husband, now became extremely angry, and, pointing to the poor thin bodies of her children, she exclaimed: "Rise, Visu, take up your ax and do something more helpful to us all than the mere mumbling of prayers!"

Visu was so utterly amazed at what his wife had said that it was some time before he could think of a fitting reply. When he did so his words came hot and strong to the ears of his poor, much-wronged wife.

"Woman," said he, "the Gods come first. You are an impertinent creature to speak to me so, and I will have nothing more to do with you!" Visu snatched up his ax and, without looking round to say farewell, he left the hut, strode out of the wood, and climbed up Fujiyama, where a mist hid him from sight.

When Visu had seated himself upon the mountain he heard a soft rustling sound, and immediately afterward saw a fox dart into a thicket. Now Visu deemed it extremely lucky to see a fox, and, forgetting his prayers, he sprang up, and ran hither and thither in the hope of again finding this sharp-nosed little creature.

He was about to give up the chase when, coming to an open space in a wood, he saw two ladies sitting down by a brook playing go. The woodsman was so completely fascinated that he could do nothing but sit down and watch them. There was no sound except the soft click of pieces on the board and the song of the running brook. The ladies took no notice of Visu, for they seemed to be playing a strange game that had no end, a game that entirely absorbed their attention. Visu could not keep his eyes off these fair women. He watched their long black hair and the little quick hands that shot out now and again from their big silk sleeves in order to move the pieces.

After he had been sitting there for three hundred years, though to him it was but a summer's afternoon, he saw that one of the players had made a false move. "Wrong, most lovely lady!" he exclaimed excitedly. In a moment these women turned into foxes and ran away.

When Visu attempted to pursue them he found to his horror that his limbs were terribly stiff, that his hair was very long, and that his beard touched the ground. He discovered, moreover, that the handle of his ax, though made of the hardest wood, had crumbled away into a little heap of dust.

After many painful efforts Visu was able to stand on his feet and proceed very slowly toward his little home. When he reached the spot he was surprised to see no hut, and, perceiving a very old woman, he said: "Good lady, I am amazed to find that my little home has disappeared. I went away this afternoon, and now in the evening it has vanished!"

The old woman, who believed that a madman was addressing her, inquired his name. When she was told, she exclaimed: "Bah! You must indeed be mad! Visu lived three hundred years ago! He went away one day, and he never came back again."

"Three hundred years!" murmured Visu. "It cannot be possible. Where are my dear wife and children?"

"Buried!" hissed the old woman, "and, if what you say is true, you children's children too. The Gods have prolonged your miserable life in punishment for having neglected your wife and little children."

Big tears ran down Visu's withered cheeks as he said in a husky voice: "I have lost my manhood. I have prayed when my dear ones starved and needed the labor of my once strong hands. Old woman, remember my last words: "If you pray, work too!"

We do not know how long the poor but repentant Visu lived after he returned from his strange adventures. His white spirit is still said to haunt Fujiyama when the moon shines brightly.

The Mirror of Matsuyama

In ancient days there lived in a remote part of Japan a man and his wife, and they were blessed with a little girl, who was the pet and idol of her parents. On one occasion the man was called away on business in distant Kyoto. Before he went he told his daughter that if she were good and dutiful to her mother he would bring her back a present she would prize very highly. Then the good man took his departure, mother and daughter watching him go.

At last he returned to his home, and after his wife and child had taken off his large hat and sandals he sat down upon the white mats and opened a bamboo basket, watching the eager gaze of his little child. He took out a wonderful doll and a lacquer box of cakes and put them into her outstretched hands. Once more he dived into his basket, and presented his wife with a metal mirror. Its convex surface shone brightly, while upon its back there was a design of pine trees and storks.

The good man's wife had never seen a mirror before, and on gazing into it she was under the impression that another woman looked out upon her as she gazed with growing wonder. Her husband explained the mystery and bade her take great care of the mirror.

Not long after this happy homecoming and distribution of presents the woman became very ill. Just before she died she called to her little daughter, and said: "Dear child, when I am dead take every care of your father. You will miss me when I have left you. But take this mirror, and when you feel most lonely look into it and you will always see me." Having said these words she passed away.

In due time the man married again, and his wife was not at all kind to her stepdaughter. But the little one, remembering her mother's words, would retire to a corner and eagerly look into the mirror, where it seemed to her that she saw her dear mother's face, not drawn in pain as she had seen it on her deathbed, but young and beautiful.

One day this child's stepmother chanced to see her crouching in a corner over an object she could not quite see, murmuring to herself. This ignorant woman, who detested the child and believed that her stepdaughter detested her in return, fancied that this little one was performing some strange magical art--perhaps making an image and sticking pins into it. Full of these notions, the stepmother went to her husband and told him that his wicked child was doing her best to kill her by witchcraft.

When the master of the house had listened to this extraordinary recital he went straight to his daughter's room. He took her by surprise, and immediately the girl saw him she slipped the mirror into her sleeve. For the first time her doting father grew angry, and he feared that there was, after all, truth in what his wife had told him, and he repeated her tale forthwith.

When his daughter had heard this unjust accusation she was amazed at her father's words, and she told him that she loved him far too well ever to attempt or wish to kill his wife, who she knew was dear to him.

"What have you hidden in your sleeve?" said her father, only half convinced and still much puzzled.

"The mirror you gave my mother, and which she on her deathbed gave to me. Every time I look into its shining surface I see the face of my dear mother, young and beautiful. When my heart aches--and oh! it has ached so much lately--I take out the mirror, and mother's face, with sweet, kind smile, brings me peace, and helps me to bear hard words and cross looks."

Then the man understood and loved his child the more for her filial piety. Even the girl's stepmother, when she knew what had really taken place, was ashamed and asked forgiveness. And this child, who believed she had seen her mother's face in the mirror, forgave, and trouble forever departed from the home.

The Two Frogs

Once upon a time in the country of Japan there lived two frogs, one of whom made his home in a ditch near the town of Osaka, on the sea coast, while the other dwelt in a clear little stream which ran through the city of Kyoto. At such a great distance apart, they had never even heard of each other; but, funnily enough, the idea came into both their heads at once that they should like to see a little of the world, and the frog who lived at Kyoto wanted to visit Osaka, and the frog who lived at Osaka wished to go to Kyoto, where the great Mikado had his palace.

So one fine morning in the spring they both set out along the road that led from Kyoto to Osaka, one from one end and the other from the other. The journey was more tiring than they expected, for they did not know much about traveling, and halfway between the two towns there arose a mountain which had to be climbed. It took them a long time and a great many hops to reach the top, but there they were at last, and what was the surprise of each to see another frog before him!

They looked at each other for a moment without speaking, and then fell into conversation, explaining the cause of their meeting so far from their homes. It was delightful to find that they both felt the same wish--to learn a little more of their native country--and as there was no sort of hurry they stretched themselves out in a cool, damp place, and agreed that they would have a good rest before they parted to go their ways.

"What a pity we are not bigger," said the Osaka frog; "for then we could see both towns from here, and tell if it is worth our while going on."

"Oh, that is easily managed," returned the Kyoto frog. "We have only got to stand up on our hind legs, and hold onto each other, and then we can each look at the town he is traveling to."

This idea pleased the Osaka frog so much that he at once jumped up and put his front paws on the shoulder of his friend, who had risen also. There they both stood, stretching themselves as high as they could, and holding each other tightly, so that they might not fall down. The Kyoto frog turned his nose towards Osaka, and the Osaka frog turned his nose towards Kyoto; but the foolish things forgot that when they stood up their great eyes lay in the backs of their heads, and that though their noses might point to the places to which they wanted to go, their eyes beheld the places from which they had come.

"Dear me!" cried the Osaka frog, "Kyoto is exactly like Osaka. It is certainly not worth such a long journey. I shall go home!"

"If I had had any idea that Osaka was only a copy of Kyoto I should never have traveled all this way," exclaimed the frog from Kyoto, and as he spoke he took his hands from his friend's shoulders, and they both fell down on the grass. Then they took a polite farewell of each other, and set off for home again, and to the end of their lives they believed that Osaka and Kyoto, which are as different to look at as two towns can be, were as alike as two peas.

Little Peachling

Many hundred years ago there lived an honest old woodcutter and his wife. One fine morning the old man went off to the hills with his billhook, to gather a faggot of sticks, while his wife went down to the river to wash the dirty clothes. When she came to the river, she saw a peach floating down the stream; so she picked it up, and carried it home with her, thinking to give it to her husband to eat when he should come in.

The old man soon came down from the hills, and the good wife set the peach before him, when, just as she was inviting him to eat it, the fruit split in two, and a little puling baby was born into the world. So the old couple took the babe, and brought it up as their own; and, because it had been born in a peach, they called it Momotaro, or Little Peachling.

By degrees Little Peachling grew up to be strong and brave, and at last one day he said to his old foster parents: "I am going to the ogres' island to carry off the riches that they have stored up there. Pray, then, make me some millet dumplings for my journey."

So the old folks ground the millet, and made the dumplings for him; and Little Peachling, after taking an affectionate leave of them, cheerfully set out on his travels.

As he was journeying on, he fell in with a monkey, who gibbered at him, and said: "Kia! kia! kia! where are you off to, Little Peachling?"

"I'm going to the ogres' island, to carry off their treasure," answered Little Peachling.

"What are you carrying at your girdle?"

"I'm carrying the very best millet dumplings in all Japan."

"If you'll give me one, I will go with you," said the monkey.

So Little Peachling gave one of his dumplings to the monkey, who received it and followed him. When he had gone a little further, he heard a pheasant calling: "Ken! ken! ken! where are you off to, Master Peachling?"

Little Peachling answered as before; and the pheasant, having begged and obtained a millet dumpling, entered his service, and followed him.

A little while after this, they met a dog, who cried: "Bow! wow! wow! whither away, Master Peachling?"

"I'm going off to the ogres' island, to carry off their treasure."

"If you will give me one of those nice millet dumplings of yours, I will go with you," said the dog.

"With all my heart," said Little Peachling. So he went on his way, with the monkey, the pheasant, and the dog following after him.

When they got to the ogres' island, the pheasant flew over the castle gate, and the monkey clambered over the castle wall, while Little Peachling, leading the dog, forced in the gate, and got into the castle. Then they did battle with the ogres, and put them to flight, and took their king prisoner. So all the ogres did homage to Little Peachling, and brought out the treasures which they had laid up. There were caps and coats that made their wearers invisible, jewels which governed the ebb and flow of the tide, coral, musk, emeralds, amber, and tortoise shell, besides gold and silver. All these were laid before Little Peachling by the conquered ogres.

So Little Peachling went home laden with riches, and maintained his foster parents in peace and plenty for the remainder of their lives.

Pare In Love

My Lovely DEC

July, 3-9 2010 grade IX bilingual class of Semesra went to DEC, Pare, Kediri. Do you know what was we did? In the even semester holiday we spent our holiday in Dec to study English for involving our English knowledge. We stayed there for 6 days.

Saturday, July, 3 2010 at 6 a.m we came together to school. At 6.30 a.m we went to Pare by car. I, Mrs. Masroin, Vera, Widyas, Nevi, Happy, Indria, and Diba were in Mr. Suwito`s car. Only an hour we arrived in DEC, Pare, Kediri. We met the owner of DEC named Mr. Farid. Then we got some direction from him.

After that, we were shown for our bed room. I, Mrs. Endah Retno, Firda, Qorriy, Indria, Vera, and Bella were in one room. After prepared our belongings, we had breakfast together.

After breakfast, we started our first lesson. There was six seasons lesson every day. The schedule were:

Season 1: 06.30 WIB - 08.00 WIB
Season 2: 08.30 WIB - 09.00 WIB
Season 3: 09.00 WIB - 10.30 WIB
Season 4: 13.30 WIB - 15.00 WIB
Season 5: 15.30 WIB - 17.00 WIB
Season 6: 19.30 WIB - 21.00 WIB

Other time was time to eat, pray, take a bath, and take a rest.
Every day we do this. Six seasons lesson a day, and other activity made we very tired. We only took a rest 5 hours a day. But, it was very fun. We can study and play with the kind and smart teacher. Most of the kind and smart teacher in DEC were Miss Uswah and Miss Helin. Miss Uswah taught grammar and Miss Helin taught vocabulary.

Thursday, July, 8 2010 we went to Kandat, Kediri to out bound together. There we played many kind of game. We took a rest for had lunch and pray. After that, I tried to play flying fox. Actually I am very afraid but evidently it was very interesting. I slipped from high tree, passed the mini lake. Wow….. amazing!!!!

Next day, Friday, 9 2010 was the last day we stayed in DEC. we only studied up to season 2. Then we got an ESQ, but I am not sure, I don`t understand. After Jumat prayer we had an examination. There were two examination. There were writing and speaking examination. After that, we went home. We were sad because we we were separate with our lovely teacher.

In the car, I felt sleepy. I was sleeping in the car. At 05.00 p.m I arrived home, took a bath and slept until morning.

ASAL USUL DESA DANDONG

Sebenarnya dari kecil aku sudah tinggal di desa Dandong ini, bahkan lahirpun juga di Dandong. Tapi aku beru tahu asal usul desa Dandong pada saat acara Bersih Desa yang dilaksanakan di makam Ki Ageng Coleksono pada bulan Muharram lalu. Ceritanya begini.

Dulunya Dandong masih sebuah hutan lebat yang tidak ada penghuninya. Suatu ketika, datanglah seorang pria yang bernama Ki Ageng Coleksono, dimana dialah yang membabat seluruh hutan di kawasan hutan Dandong ini.
Pada suatu hari, saat Ki Ageng Coleksono sedang berjalan-jalan, tiba-tiba beliau menemukan tempat pandai besi. Namun tempat tersebut tidak ada orangnya. Hanya terdengar suara orang menempa besi, tapi tak ada orang yang menempa. Searanya seperti ini DANG-DING-DONG DANG-DING-DONG.

Kejadian ini berulang sampai beberapa kali. Akhirnya Ki Ageng Coleksono memutuskan untuk menamai tempat tersebut DANDONG. Karena selalu ada bunyi DANG-DING-DONG DANG-DING-DONG. Namun ada sebagian orang yang mengatakan bahwa nama DANDONG berasal dari masyarakat yang GAMPANG DONG atau NDANG DONG yang artinya mudah mengerti.

Metamorfosis HP-Ku

1. Nokia 1208



Aku punya hp pertama kali waktu kelas 6 SD. Waktu itu setelah perpisahan. Kata ibu hp itu gak usah bagus-bagus, yang penting bisa bunyi "hallo". Jadilah aku hanya dibelikan hp ini....

General 2G Network GSM 900 / 1800
GSM 850 / 1900 - US version
Announced 2007, May
Status Available
Size Dimensions 102 x 44.1 x 17.5 mm, 67 cc
Weight 77 g
Display Type CSTN, 65K colors
Size 96 x 68 pixels, 1.5 inches, 29 x 23 mm
- Themes and wallpapers
Sound Alert types Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic ringtones
Speakerphone Yes
- 2.5 mm audio jack
Memory Phonebook 200 entries
Call records 20 dialed, 20 received, 20 missed calls
Internal 4 MB
Card slot No
Data GPRS No
EDGE No
3G No
WLAN No
Bluetooth No
Infrared port No
USB No
Camera No
Features Messaging SMS
Browser No
Radio No
Games 3 embedded
Colors Red, Black
GPS No
Java No
- Flashlight
- T9
- Organizer
Battery Standard battery, Li-Ion 700 mAh (BL-5CA)
Stand-by Up to 365 h
Talk time Up to 7 h
Misc SAR US 1.15 W/kg (head) 0.60 W/kg (body)
SAR EU 0.81 W/kg (head)


2. Nokia 5300 XpressMusic



Kelas 7 SMP baru dapat ganti hp ini. Walaupun punya ibu tapi gak apa-apa lah...

General 2G Network GSM 900 / 1800 / 1900
GSM 850 / 1800 / 1900 - US version
Announced 2006, September
Status Discontinued
Size Dimensions 92.4 x 48.2 x 20.7 mm, 85 cc
Weight 106 g
Display Type TFT, 256K colors
Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.1 inches, 31 x 42 mm
- Downloadable themes
Sound Alert types Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic, MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone Yes
Memory Phonebook Yes
Call records Yes
Internal 5 MB
Card slot microSD, up to 2GB, hotswap, buy memory
Data GPRS Class 10 (4+1/3+2 slots), 32 - 48 kbps
EDGE Class 10, 236.8 kbps
3G No
WLAN No
Bluetooth Yes, v2.0 with A2DP
Infrared port Yes
USB Yes, miniUSB
Camera Primary 1.3 MP, 1280 x 1024 pixels
Video Yes, QCIF
Secondary No
Features Messaging SMS, MMS, Instant Messaging
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Radio Stereo FM radio
Games Yes
Colors Red, Black
GPS No
Java Yes, MIDP 2.0
- MP3/SpMidi/AAC/AAC+ player
- T9
- Reminders
- Stopwatch
- Voice memo/commands
Battery Standard battery, Li-Ion 860 mAh (BL-5B)
Stand-by Up to 223 h
Talk time Up to 3 h 10 min
Misc SAR US 0.90 W/kg (head) 0.51 W/kg (body)
SAR EU 0.66 W/kg (head)


3. Samsung Corby GT-B3210




Hp yang 5300 kan rusak, kena sedikit insiden. Jadi dibelikan ini deh. Sampai sekarang hp-ku ya ini....

General 2G Network GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
Announced 2009, September
Status Available. Released 2009, September
Size Dimensions 112 x 59.6 x 12.9 mm
Weight 94 g
Display Type TFT, 256K colors
Size 220 x 176 pixels, 2.2 inches
- QWERTY keyboard
Sound Alert types Vibration, MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone Yes
- 3.5 mm audio jack
Memory Phonebook 1000 entries, Photocall
Call records Yes
Internal 40 MB
Card slot microSD, up to 8GB, buy memory
Data GPRS Class 10 (4+1/3+2 slots), 32 - 48 kbps
EDGE Class 10, 236.8 kbps
3G No
WLAN No
Bluetooth Yes, v2.1 with A2DP
Infrared port No
USB Yes, v2.0
Camera Primary 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels
Video Yes
Secondary No
Features Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, IM
Browser WAP 2.0 / xHTML, HTML
Radio Stereo FM radio with RDS, FM recording
Games Yes
Colors Black
GPS No
Java Yes, MIDP 2.0
- Fashion Jackets (changeable battery covers)
- MP3/eAAC+/WMA player
- MP4/H.263 player
- Organizer
- Voice memo/dial
- T9
Battery Standard battery, Li-Ion 800 mAh
Stand-by Up to 390 h
Talk time Up to 7 h 30 min
Misc SAR US 0.41 W/kg (head) 0.48 W/kg (body)
SAR EU 0.63 W/kg (head)

Susunan Kepengurusan Kelas Bilingual IX i

1.
Wali Kelas
Endang Sutiarti, S.Pd
NIP: 19590801 198303 2 013

2.
Ketua Kelas
Oktavianurohmi
NIS: 16186

3.
Wakil Ketua Kelas
M. Reza Affandi
NIS: 16197

4. Sekretaris
*
Pricillia Dewi Megawati
NIS: 16188
*
Bela Qorriy `Ayna
NIS: 16177

5. Bendahara
*
Oky Sugita Putri
NIS: 16187
*
Vera Soraya Putri
NIS: 16190

6. Staf Pengabsen
*
Okta Prismadyanti
NIS 16185

*

Indria Hanandini
NIS: 16180

Bilingual First Generation of Semesra

Tidak mudah untuk menjadi anggota
BFG (Bilingual First Generation)
Kami harus berjuang di SMPN 1
Srengat...
Pada Awalnya Kami menjalani Test
IQ yang sangat melelahkan,,, dan
akhirnya terpilihlah 80 siswa
ber IQ +++,,, dan Selanjutnya 80
orang tersebut menjalani test
Kedua yaitu test Kemampuan
Bahasa Inggris dan Wawancara Perekonomian keluarga,,, dan akhirnya,,,
terpilihlah 24 anak yang berhak
Masuk menjadi Anggota BFG.. yaitu
kami 16 anak cewe dan 8 anak
cowo.. selanjutnya pada tanggal
10 agustus 2008 Bilingual First
generation Resmi berdiri di SMPN 1 Srengat,,,,

There are :
1. Annisa Nurhayati Harjanta
2. Bella Qorriy' Ayna
3. Firda Ayustin Mansur
4. Happy Narthalia Mahardika
5. Indria Hanandini
6. Maulidi Firlandiana
7. Nafi' Bella Purwitasari
8. Ninik Chabbibah
9. Nevi Yuria Deftiliamy
10. Okta Prismadyanti
11. Oktavianurohmi
12. Oky Sugita Putri
13. Pricillia Dewi Megawati
14. R.Ipik Veradiba Carine Fitria
15. Vera Soraya Putri
16. Widyas Kusuma Mursid
17. Ainur Rifqi Nadzori
18. Galih Amar Wiranata
19. Ilham Karya Amalludin
20. Miftakhul Rokim
21. Misbachul Munir
22. M. Reza Affandi
23. Sanjaya Abdilah Karim
24. Yusuf Ardi Irawan
we always be there...
we always waiting for U..
we can be friend!!!!

Sepuluh Tips Saat Ujian

Bentar lagi kan kita ujian, nih.. nah saya punya tips untuk kalian yang akan melaksanakan ujian. Sepuluh tips untuk membantu kamu dalam mengerjakan ujian:



Datanglah dengan persiapan yang matang dan lebih awal.
Bawalah semua alat tulis yang kamu butuhkan, seperti pensil, pulpen, kalkulator, kamus, jam (tangan), penghapus, tip ex, penggaris, dan lain-lainnya. Perlengkapan ini akan membantumu untuk tetap konsentrasi selama mengerjakan ujian.


Tenang dan percaya diri.
Ingatkan dirimu bahwa kamu sudah siap sedia dan akan mengerjakan ujian dengan baik.


Bersantailah tapi waspada.
Pilihlah kursi atau tempat yang nyaman untuk mengerjakan ujian. Pastikan kamu mendapatkan tempat yang cukup untuk mengerjakannya. Pertahankan posisi duduk tegak.


Preview soal-soal ujianmu dulu (bila ujian memiliki waktu tidak terbatas)
Luangkan 10% dari keseluruhan waktu ujian untuk membaca soal-soal ujian secara mendalam, tandai kata-kata kunci dan putuskan berapa waktu yang diperlukan untuk menjawab masing-masing soal. Rencanakan untuk mengerjakan soal yang mudah dulu, baru soal yang tersulit. Ketika kamu membaca soal-soal, catat juga ide-ide yang muncul yang akan digunakan sebagai jawaban.
*

Jawab soal-soal ujian secara strategis.
Mulai dengan menjawab pertanyaan mudah yang kamu ketahui, kemudian dengan soal-soal yang memiliki nilai tertinggi. Pertanyaan terakhir yang seharusnya kamu kerjakan adalah:
o soal paling sulit
o yang membutuhkan waktu lama untuk menulis jawabannya
o memiliki nilai terkecil


Ketika mengerjakan soal-soal pilihan ganda, ketahuilah jawaban yang harus dipilih/ditebak.
Mula-mulai, abaikan jawaban yang kamu tahu salah. Tebaklah selalu suatu pilihan jawaban ketika tidak ada hukuman pengurangan nilai, atau ketika tidak ada pilihan jawaban yang dapat kamu abaikan. Jangan menebak suatu pilihan jawaban ketika kamu tidak mengetahui secara pasti dan ketika hukuman pengurangan nilai digunakan. Karena pilihan pertama akan jawabanmu biasanya benar, jangan menggantinya kecuali bila kamu yakin akan koreksi yang kamu lakukan.


Ketika mengerjakan soal ujian esai, pikirkan dulu jawabannya sebelum menulis.
Buat kerangka jawaban singkat untuk esai dengan mencatat dulu beberapa ide yang ingin kamu tulis. Kemudian nomori ide-ide tersebut untuk mengurutkan mana yang hendak kamu diskusikan dulu.


Ketika mengerjakan soal ujian esai, jawab langsung poin utamanya.
Tulis kalimat pokokmu pada kalimat pertama. Gunakan paragraf pertama sebagai overview esaimu. Gunakan paragraf-paragraf selanjutnya untuk mendiskusikan poin-poin utama secara mendetil. Dukung poinmu dengan informasi spesifik, contoh, atau kutipan dari bacaan atau catatanmu.


Sisihkan 10% waktumu untuk memeriksa ulang jawabanmu.
Periksa jawabanmu; hindari keinginan untuk segera meninggalkan kelas segera setelah kamu menjawab semua soal-soal ujian. Periksa lagi bahwa kamu telah menyelesaikan semua pertanyaan. Baca ulang jawabanmu untuk memeriksa ejaan, struktur bahasa dan tanda baca. Untuk jawaban matematika, periksa bila ada kecerobohan (misalnya salah meletakkan desimal). Bandingkan jawaban matematikamu yang sebenarnya dengan penghitungan ringkas.


Analisa hasil ujianmu.
Setiap ujian dapat membantumu dalam mempersiapkan diri untuk ujian selanjutnya. Putuskan strategi mana yang sesuai denganmu. Tentukan strategi mana yang tidak berhasil dan ubahlah. Gunakan kertas ujian sebelumnya ketika belajar untuk ujian akhir.


sumber:http://www.studygs.net/indon/tsttak1.htm

Makin Dini Pacaran Makin Depresi dan Sakit-sakitan

Jakarta, Jangan dulu pacaran kalau masih kecil. Begitu nasihat yang sering disampaikan orangtua pada anaknya yang masih remaja. Ternyata nasihat orangtua itu didukung oleh peneliti, semakin dini seseorang menjalin cinta semakin besar risiko sakit hati, depresi bahkan sakit-sakitan.

Dalam Journal of Pain, peneliti dari Universite de Montreal, University Hospital Center dan McGill University menemukan anak remaja yang mulai pacaran sejak usia dini lebih banyak mengalami sakit kepala, perut dan pinggang. Mereka juga dilaporkan lebih banyak depresi dibanding rekan seusianya yang belum pernah pacaran.

Dr Isabelle Tremblay, seorang peneliti dari Universite de Montreal serta Dr Michael Sullivan, seorang profesor psikolog dari McGill University telah melakukan studi untuk mengetahui pengaruh menjalin hubungan sejak dini terhadap kesehatan seseorang.

Sebanyak 382 pelajar remaja berumur rata-rata 12 hingga 17 tahun di Kanada direkrut sebagai partisipan penelitian. Mereka diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner tentang frekuensi dan intensitas mengalami gangguan emosi serta fisik dan juga usia awal mengenal cinta.

Hasilnya yaitu, seseorang yang mengenal cinta lebih dini cenderung menjadi pribadi yang rapuh, sakit-sakitan, merasa tidak aman dan mudah depresi. "Gejala itu berkembang dari sejak masih kanak-kanak, lalu remaja dan akhirnya ketika dewasa," ujar Sullivan seperti dilansir Sciencedaily, Kamis (26/11/2009).

Peneliti belum sepenuhnya mengerti mengapa hal itu bisa terjadi. Namun, kesimpulan yang dinyatakan peneliti adalah, seseorang yang menjalin hubungan sejak dini, contohnya remaja, akan memiliki alarm rasa sakit yang lebih tinggi, terutama jika remaja itu menjalin hubungan yang buruk dengan pasangannya.

"Mereka punya kecenderungan tingkat rasa sakit yang lebih mendalam. Mereka benar-benar meresapi perasaan buruk seperti sedih atau kesal karena secara psikologi mereka sudah mengenalnya ketika berhubungan dengan pasangannya,"jelas Sullivan.

Tapi akibat terlalu mendalami perasaan sedih dan emosional itu adalah depresi dan penyakit lainnya. "Karena terlalu sedih atau marah, perasan depresi pun bisa muncul. Akibatnya mereka jadi tidak mau makan, kurang tidur atau tidak mau melakukan apa-apa. Dari situlah muncul penyakit-penyakit seperti pusing, sakit perut dan lainnya," jelas Sullivan.

Mereka yang mengenal cinta dan mengalami masalah dalam berhubungan dengan pasangan lebih dulu memiliki pandangan yang lebih serius dan sikap yang lebih tertutup. Hal itu memicu perasaan stres dan penyakit fisik lainnya.

Sementara itu, mereka yang belum menjalin cinta pada usia dini cenderung lebih ekspresif dan lebih banyak bersosialisasi dengan yang teman-teman lainnya sebagai bentuk mencari dukungan pada saat mereka sedih atau tidak ada masalah.



sumber: http://www.detikhealth.com/read/2009/11/26/173832/1249603/766/makin-dini-pacaran-makin-depresi-dan-sakit-sakitan

Do You Know??

Setiap manusia, rata-rata memiliki jumlah rambut sekitar 100.000 helai rambut di kepalanya. Masa bertumbuh setiap helai rambut hanya antara 2 hingga 6 tahun, kemudian rontok. Lalu pada pori-pori yang sama, rambut baru mulai tumbuh. Siklus kehidupan sehelai rambut disebut siklus rambut.

Siklus rambut dimulai dari fase pertumbuhan, fase transisi yang pendek, dan fase istirahat. Rambut berhenti bertumbuh selama tiap-tiap fase istirahat. Fase pertumbuhan terdiri atas fase pertumbuhan awal dan fase pertumbuhan aktif. Setelah itu, ada fase transisi, lalu fase istirahat. Rambut tetap berada dalam folikel yang beristirahat hingga fase pertumbuhan berikutnya.

Pada fase pertumbuhan berikutnya, rambut yang sudah beristirahat akan didorong keluar dari pori-pori kulit kepala. Hal ini yang menyebabkan rambut rontok. Bagi orang yang tidak memiliki masalah rambut, setiap hari sekitar 70 hingga 100 helai rambut rontok secara alami.

Apa lagi yang perlu Anda ketahui tentang rambut? Rambut tumbuh lebih dari 10 milimeter per bulan. Itu sebabnya rambut merupakan bagian tubuh yang paling cepat tumbuhnya. Panjang pertumbuhan seluruh helai rambut di kepala Anda bisa mencapai 20 meter per

Waktu Yang Tepat Untuk Mengatakan Cinta Kepada Wanita

Kapan harus mengucapkan tiga kata sakti “I love you”? Siapa yang harus memulainya? Dan kenapa ia begitu sulit di ucapkan?
say yes or no?Sekalipun Anda telah menghabiskan waktu sekian lama bersama orang yang dipuja, bahkan menghabiskan malam yang indah dan Anda tidak bisa berhenti berkata pada kawan bahwa ia adalah orangnya.

Setiap saat selalu teringat padanya, ia membuat Anda tertawa, hingga suatu saat Anda terbangun dan menyadari, Anda mencintainya.

Tapi kenapa sulit sekali mengatakan perasaan Anda menyayanginya, bahkan ketika Anda sudah dewasa. Jawabannya mudah, karena kita takut dengan penolakan.

Sederhananya, ketika Anda mengucap “aku sayang kamu”, Anda berharap mendengar perkataan yang sama. Ketika ucapan itu tidak keluar dari mulut pasangan, Anda terluka karena merasa ditolak.

Ketakutan ini bisa diatasi jika Anda paham bahwa tidak semua orang mudah untuk membalas pernyataan “I love you”. Kecuali pasangan berkata “saya tidak mencintai kamu”, besar kemungkinan diam berarti ia ragu dengan perasaannya atau memang belum merasakan sebesar yang Anda rasakan. Jika sudah begini, Anda tinggal mengatakan “biarkan saya tahu jika perasaan kamu berubah,”

Lalu kapan Anda mengucapkan kalimat ini?

Biarkan waktu berlalu dan Anda saling mengenal. Seiring kebersamaan, Anda bisa menilai dengan jelas apakah perasaan tersebut murni atau karena pesona sesaat. Kala nurani Anda mengkonfirmasi, sekarang saatnya, maka jangan ragu katakan “aku sayang padamu”. Hal ini berlaku untuk pria juga wanita.

Bagaimana jika terjadi kebalikannya, pasangan mengucapkan kalimat jitu ini pada Anda?
Jika Anda belum siap membalas, tidak salah jika Anda diam dan mengkomunikasikan alasan Anda. Apapun alasannya, komunikasikan dengan jujur. Hal ini jauh lebih baik daripada membohongi dirinya dan diri sendiri.

Jika Anda merasakan hal yang sama, jangan takut untuk berkata, “I love you too”.


sumber: http://unikboss.blogspot.com/2010/11/waktu-yang-tepat-untuk-mengatakan-cinta.html

10 Orang Pertama di Dunia Yang Mendaftar di Facebook

Pastinya semua udah tahu facebook dong? yup. situs fenomenal yang menduduki peringkat kedua situs dunia ini sudah menjadi penemuan fenomenal abad ini.
siapa aja sih 10 orang pertama yang mendaftar sebagai member facebook? berikut daftarnya.
1. Mark Zuckerberg:http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=4
founder facebook ini adalah orang yang pertama mendaftar di situs jejaring fenomenal ini dengan nomor id 4.

2. Chris Hughes (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=5)
Chris Hughes adalah Co-Founder Facebook sekaligus teman sekamar Mark Zuckerberg sewaktu mereka kuliah di harvard University. proyek yang membuat namanya melejit selain menjadi co-founder facebook adalah proyek pembuatan situs kampanye obama di my.barrackobama.com yang disebut2 punya andil besar dalam menyukseskan obama menjadi presiden kulit hitam pertama di Amerika Serikat.

3.Dustin Moskovitz (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=6)
Dustin Moskovitz adalah Co-Founder Facebook sekaligus teman sekamar Mark Zuckerberg sewaktu mereka kuliah di harvard University. Moskovitz memiliki saham facebook sebesar 6 % yang membuat kekayaannya diperkirakan mencapai 1,4 milliar US$. Forbes menasbihkan dia sebagai milyader termuda di dunia.

4. Arie Hasit (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=7)
Arie Hasit adalah teman baik dari Mark Zuckerberg. bisa dibilang sohibnya deh karena sewaktu mereka kuliah di harvard mereka sering melakukan kegiatan bersama - sama. hal ini karena mereka sama2 seorang jewish. sekarang dia bekerja sebagai juru bicara angkatan bersenjata Israel.

5. Marcel Georgés Laverdet II (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=10)
sedikit yang diketahui soal Marcel Georgés Laverdet II. yang bisa diketahui hanya dia bekerja di Facebook.

6. Soleio (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=11)
Soleio adalah pegawai teknis facebook. di pagenya, dia menulis bahwa pekerjaannya adalah yang berhubungan dengan teknis facebook.

7. Chris Putnam (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=13)
Chris Putnam adalah salah satu software engineer Facebook. aktivitasnya dapat dipantau melalui blognya, yaitu http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?bl...any&blogger=13.
ada yang unik dari chris putnam adalah satu - satunya orang yang memiliki avatar khusus di facebook. dengan mengetik utnam: di chat box anda, maka akan ada sesosok foto avatar yang keluar. yaitu fotonya sendiri.

8. Andrew McCollum (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=26)
Andrew McCollum adalah teman sekelas dari Mark Zuckerberg di Harvard sekaligus adalah desainer grafis pertama Facebook. dialah yang merancang logo facebook pertama kali dan yang memutuskan untuk memberikan siluet ala al pacino.

9. Colin Kelly (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=27)
Sedikit info tentang orang ini. yang pasti dia adalah alumnus harvard university. kemungkinan besar adalah teman sekelas dari Mark Zuckerberg. kebanyakan dari pemilik id - id kecil ini adalah alumnus Harvard University karena memang pada awalnya, facebook dikembangkan untuk kepentingan alumnus dan mahasiswa Harvard.

10. Mark Kaganovich (http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=28)
Mark Kaganovich adalah alumnus Harvard bidang computer science. dia merupakan founder dari labmeeting, yaitu sejenis social network (seperti facebook) tetapi dikhususkan untuk para ilmuwan.

yup. itulah 10 orang dengan id paling kecil di Facebook. sebenarnya masih banyak lagi sih.. tp kayaknya 10 aja udah cukup ya
bagi kita2 yang baru2 aja mendaftar, kemungkinan akan mendapatkan nomor acak. dan digitnya rata2 di atas 9

sumber: http://unikboss.blogspot.com/2010/11/10-orang-pertama-yang-mendaftar-di.html

Dueling Princes "Berduel Dengan Pangeran"

Oleh Tyne Oconnell

SINOPSIS
Butuh waktu empat tahun, tapi akhirnya Calypso Kelly berhasil menanggalkan julukan Anak Amerika Anehnya dan menjadi bagian dari kelompok populer di sekolah asrama khusus wanitanya di Inggris. Ditambah lagi, Calypso berhasil menggaet Pangeran Freddie dan sekarang sedang dilanda asmara dan asyik ber-SMS ria dengan sang pangeran. Bahkan musuh bebuyutan dan teman sekamarnya, Honey O'Hare tidak akan bisa menjatuhkannya. Tahun ini Calypso juga bertekad memenangkan tempat dalam tim anggar nasional.
Itu dia kenapa hal terakhir yang dibutuhkannya adalah kedatangan orangtuanya dari LA ke London. Dengan segala krisis paruh baya dan kekacauan mental mereka.
Bisakah cewek modern ini memiliki semuanya? Pangeran, kemenangan di pertandingan anggarnya, sekaligus meyakinkan orangtuanya untuk mulai bersikap seperti orang dewasa?


DETAIL
Judul :Dueling Princes
Seri :TeenLit
ISBN / EAN :9789792264227 / 9789792264227
Author :Tyne Oconnell
Publisher :Gramedia Pustaka Utama (GPU)
Publish :23 November 2010
Pages :320
Weight :256 gram
Dimension (mm):220 x 270
Tag :Anak dan Remaja, Fiksi,


sumber:http://www.gramediashop.com/book/detail/9789792264227/Dueling-Princes

Singular And Plural Nouns

Kalau dalam bahasa Indonesia mau bilang atau mau tulis 1 buku ya “satu buku”, dan untuk 2 buku ya sami mawon hanya saja 2, menjadi “dua buku”. Dalam bahasa Inggris jika Anda hanya mengganti one menjadi two itu masih belum cukup. Kalau 1 buku katakan “one book” atau “a book”. Sedangkan dua buku adalah “two books”, harus ditambahkan huruf s pada kata book, menjadi books.

Itulah yang dalam pelajaran bahasa inggris sesi ini yang saya maksudkan sebagai Singular (single) dan Plural (banyak atau jamak atau lebih dari satu). Dalam bahasa Indonesia ini hampir tak perlu dipelajari, karena tanpa perubahan untuk satu atau lebih dari satu, paling-paling kita tambah jumlahnya saja, atau kata tersebut diulang, misalnya beberapa buku, atau buku-buku. Bahasa kita keren kok, tak serumit bahasa inggris. Sebaliknya orang yang bahasa aslinya bahasa inggris akan bilang bahasa Indonesia yang rumit, sedangkan bahasa inggris MUDAH. Nah, kalau kita perdebatkan hal ini maka tak akan jadi bisa pandai bahasa inggris, haha..

Ok kita lanjutkan ya.

Singular artinya ya SINGLE atau tunggal (satu), jadi Singular Noun adalah kata benda tunggal. Contohnya book, ball, computer, table, dan sebagainya.

Nanti, dalam pelajaran tentang TO BE, kita akan memasangkan singular noun dengan “is”, seperti this is a book, my father is a pilot (ayah saya seorang pilot).

Sedangkan Plural artinya jamak (banyak, lebih dari satu). Seperti balls (beberapa bola), fingers (jari-jari). Anda lihat pada kata benda tersebut ditambahkan s. Tetapi untuk baby (bayi) jika lebih dari satu bukan babys loh, melainkan babies. Sedangkan man (orang laki-laki) jika lebih dari satu malah menjadi men. Kurang asem bener nih bahasa, ngga beraturan.

Nah, nanti dalam berbicara bahasa inggris, apalagi menulis dalam bahasa inggris, Anda harus mengikuti panduan yang tidak ada rumusnya ini, jika salah nanti dosa. Kalau banyak dosa bisa masuk neraka. Jadi, jika Anda hendak berbahasa inggris dengan baik dan benar, pelajarilah hal ini lewat buku-buku english grammar atau tata bahasa inggris yang banyak terdapat di toko-toko buku.

Tapi jangan pula ketidak-beraturan bahasa inggris ini dijadikan alasan “wah mending gak deh belajar bahasa inggris, rumit amat!”. Nanti Anda rugi sendiri tak pandai bahasa inggris. Jika Anda pandai bahasa inggris, hidup bisa jadi lebih mudah. hehe.. Anda sudah baca tulisan saya tentang Bisnis Internet Dan Bahasa Inggris?

Rumus yang umum untuk kata benda tunggal menjadi jamak atau bahasa inggrisnya singular noun menjadi plural noun adalah ditambah s, es, ies. Memang ada banyak pengecualian. Agar Anda mendapatkannya ya beli buku woii!!, hehe..

Kalau dalam keseharian kita seperti chatting via Yahoo Messanger, atau ngobrol makan siang sambil belajar bahasa inggris, lupakan saja dulu s atau es ini (kalau Anda pesan teh panas kan nda perlu pake es). Maksud saya agar banyak praktek tanpa banyak hambatan, do it, praktek, praktek dan praktek (seperti kata guru saya).

Ya, dalam setiap hal, baik itu belajar bahasa inggris atau belajar bisnis sekalipun, jurus yang paling jitu adalah “jurus terus”. Ya terus praktek, ya terus belajar, ya terus bersemangat. Dijamin Anda pasti bisa!. Bahasa inggris itu ternyata lebih cepat bisa dengan “semangat” bukan dengan buku, bukan pula dengan grammar atau tatabahasa. Tapi dengan semangat Anda, maka nanti buku dan segala macam resource akan anda manfaatkan sendiri tanpa disuruh lagi. Jika ini menurut anda adalah sebuah kontroversi maka itu tandanya semangat Anda untuk bisa bahasa inggris masih perlu saya pertanyakan.

Yes, terus terang sebenarnya di website bahasainggris.net ini saya akan lebih banyak memotivasi Anda agar Anda otomatis gerak dan action walau Anda sudah lupa bahwa website belajar bahasa inggris saya ini pernah Anda baca.

Tuh kan, dari belajar bahasa inggris tentang singular dan plural nouns kita lari ke “semangat”. Kok bisa ya? hehe.. Rasanya jarang cara ini dapat Anda temui di tempat-tempat kursus bahasa inggris yang pernah Anda ikuti, walapun untuk kursus bahasa inggris tersebut Anda telah membayar mahal. Dengan modal semangat maka proses belajar Anda bahasa inggris sudah pasti menjadi jauh lebih murah. Yang mahal adalah semangat Anda itu.


sumber: http://bahasainggris.net/belajar/07-singular-and-plural-nouns

Countable Nouns dan Uncountable Nouns

Kata benda atau Nouns dalam bahasa inggris (sebenarnya juga dalam bahasa Indonesia), ditinjau dari bisa tidaknya dihitung, dapat dibagi menjadi 2 golongan besar. Yaitu Countable Nouns (kata benda yang bisa dihitung) dan UnCountable Nouns (kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung).

Memang topik ini sangat sepele, namun perlu kita pelajari dalam bahasa inggris, karena banyak orang yang keliru atau tidak tau kapan harus bilang “book” atau “books” misalnya. Pengetahuan tentang topik countable nouns dan uncountable nouns ini akan membuat Anda lebih pede berbahasa inggris.

COUNTABLE NOUNS:

Pertama COUNTABLE NOUNS, atau kata benda yang dapat dihitung. Contohnya adalah: book, computer, car, dan sebagainya.

Nah, dalam bahasa inggris ada perbedaan jika kita ingin mengatakan satu buku dengan dua buku. Kalau satu buku = a book, sedangkan dua buku two books, lihat book nya ditambah huruf s menjadi books.

SINGULAR dan PLURAL NOUNS:

Dalam pelajaran bahasa inggris disekolah dulu (sekarang saya sudah lulus, hehe..) ada pembagian lagi untuk countable nouns ini yaitu Singular Nouns dan Plural Nouns. Singular artinya tunggal sedangkan Plural artinya jamak atau lebih dari satu.

Biasanya, dari kata benda tunggal menjadi jamak ditambah s atau es. Contoh: book menjadi books, tomato menjadi tomatoes. Kok ndak tomatos ya? haha.. Itulah yang membuat banyak orang mengatakan bahasa inggris itu sulit. Adalagi malah yang tidak beraturan misalnya man menjadi men. Kacau deh!. Anda mungkin telah membaca tulisan saya tentang bahasa inggris sulit? Jika belum silahkan baca judul ini: Bahasa Inggris Sering Dianggap Sulit, Why?

Banyak buku tatabahasa inggris yang berisi tabel tentang cara penambahan s atau es ini, sebenarnya ada kreteria atau rumus yang dapat diikuti, misalnya untuk kata yang berakhir dengan LY atau RY maka diganti menjadi ies, contohnya: baby menjadi babies, lady menjadi ladies, fly menjadi flies, dan sebagainya.

Saran saya anda sebaiknya beli buku tentang Tatabahasa Inggris, banyak yang lengkap sekali dengan contoh-contoh dan tabel-tabel yang memuat singular dan plural nouns ini.

Nah, dalam hubungannya nanti dengan TO BE (is, am, are) nanti juga beda untuk singular nouns dan plural nouns. Nanti tentang TO BE akan saya tuliskan lebih lengkap. Ini contoh singkat saja:

This is a book (singular atau tunggal)
These are two books (plural atau jamak)

Anda lihat pebedaannya di is atau are juga (tobe).

–

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Uncountable Nouns adalah kata benda yang tak dapat dihitung. Itulah pelajaran yang saya dapatkan waktu bahasa inggris dulu. Maksudnya tidak bisa dikatakan satu atau dua.

Misalnya: air (water), honey (madu). Ngga bisa a water (satu air), ngga bisa two honey (dua madu), dan sebagainya.

Sebenarnya sih tetap dapat dihitung juga kalau misalnya dicangkirin dulu, menjadi a cup of water.

Biasanya bentuk yang digunakan untuk uncountable nouns ini adalah: a …. of …. seperti tadi a cup of water, atau a bottle of water. Tidak boleh a water, ok?

Tentu saja karena uncountable nouns adalah kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung maka tidak boleh ditambah s atau es seperti countable nouns tadi. Tidak ada waterS (ini salah). Tapi kalau three cups of water (tiga cangkir air) bisa.

Untuk menyatakan banyak, biasanya menggunakan kata-kata seperti SOME, MUCH, LITTLE. Contoh: I want some water, I dont have much time.

Ok, sekian saja pelajaran bahasa inggris yang berhubungan dengan Countable dan UnCountable Nouns ini, untuk lebih lengkap tentang berbagai contoh kata-katanya serta rumus-rumusnya Anda saya sarankan beli buku english grammar (tatabahasa inggris).

Dengan pengetahuan dasar ini, anda bisa membedakan kapan pakai s kapan pakai es dan kapan tidak. Tapi jangan jadikan kerumitan bahasa inggris ini justru halangan untuk Anda bisa bahasa Inggris, pelajari saja dengan step-by-step (selangkah demi selangkah) dan lebih banyak praktek.



sumber:http://bahasainggris.net/belajar/06-countable-nouns-dan-uncountable-nouns

NOUNS atau Kata Benda

Kata benda atau dalam bahasa inggris disebut NOUNS adalah semua kata yang menunjukkan benda. Mengapa sih belajar bahasa inggris harus tahu kata benda segala? tidak langsung saja belajar berbicara, menulis atau bercakap-cakap?. Ya, sebenarnya langsung praktek juga bisa, namun dengan mengerti istilah-istilahnya, dengan mengerti bagaimana komponen tata bahasa digunakan maka bahasa inggris anda akan bertambah baik, bahkan untuk mengembangkan ketrampilan bahasa inggris secara mandiri pun akan terasa jauh lebih mudah jika anda menguasai hal ini. Belajar bahasa inggris dimanapun dan dengan siapapun atau membaca buku pelajaran bahasa inggris apapun akan terasa mudah bagi Anda nanti. Percayalah pada saya, karena saya telah mengalaminya.

Nanti akan terasa di pelajaran bahasa inggris yang lebih advance, ketika saya bilang NOUNS sebagai SUBJECT maka anda sebaiknya sudah punya gambaran apa itu NOUNS. Jelas, ini akan mempermudah dan mempercepat proses belajar bahasa inggris anda di level selanjutnya bukan?

Ok, NOUNS dalam garis besar terdiri dari 2 bagian:

Yang pertama bahasa inggrisnya CONCRETE NOUNS, atau dalam bahasa indonesia disebut kata benda konkret, maksudnya adalah benda-benda yang dapat dilihat, dapat diraba. Contohnya: meja (table), kursi (chair), phone, computer, dan sebagainya.

Yang kedua adalah ABSTRACT NOUNS atau kata benda abstrak. Yaitu kata benda juga, namun tidak bisa diraba dan dilihat alias tak berwujud. Contohnya: freedom (kemerdekaan, kebebasan), happiness (kebahagiaan), education (pendidikan), competition (persaingan), action (tindakan), dan sebagainya. Tentu saja, bukan hanya dalam bahasa inggris ada kata benda abstrak tetapi juga dalam bahasa Indonesia, mungkin kita jarang mempelajarinya. Dengan pengetahuan ini, nanti kita akan bisa membuat suatu kalimat dengan subject abstract noun seperti: Action speaks louder than words.

Nah, bagaimana kalau “angin” ? termasuk yang mana ? Concrete atau Abstract Nouns?

–

Kita kembali pada CONCRETE NOUNS.
Concrete Nouns dalam bahasa inggris ini masih dipecah-pecah lagi menjadi 4 bagian. Yaitu: Proper Nouns, Common Nouns, Material Nouns, dan Collective Nouns. Istilahnya semua masih dalam bahasa inggris. Akan saya terangkan satu per satu di bawah ini.

Poper Nouns adalah kata benda tentang nama tertentu, dan diawali dengan huruf besar, seperti nama orang, nama kota, nama negara, universitas, nama gedung, nama toko, nama perusahaan, dan sebagainya. Contohnya: Joko, Mufli, John Lennon, Tokyo, Grand Hyatt, White House.

Common Nouns, atau kata benda umum yaitu kata benda yang sangat umum, seperti: football (sepak bola), student (pelajar, murid), village (desa), dan sebagainya.

Material Nouns, atau kata benda material, yaitu tentang kata benda yang berasal dari sumber alam atau merupakan materi lainnya, seperti gold (emas), silver (perak), plant (tanaman), iron (besi), dan sebagainya.

Yang terakhir Collective Nouns atau kata benda kolektif. Tentu saja artinya kata benda yang mengandung arti kumpulan, koleksi atau yang mengandung arti majemuk. Contohnya: committee (komite, panitia), group (kelompok orang), class (kelompok murid atau siswa), audience (hadirin, penonton, majelis).

Itulah macam-macam kata benda konkret atau bahasa inggrisnya CONCRETE NOUNS. Tak harus Anda hafalkan kok, tetapi sekali baca anda hendaklah punya gambaran yang jelas, dan percayalah walau kita belajar bahasa inggris secara bertele-tele seperti ini, nanti bahasa inggris anda akan sangat mantap, kecuali kalau anda tidak sabaran dan melahap semua pelajaran bahasa inggris sekaligus kemudian hanya bisa sedikit-sedikit. Jika hanya bisa sedikit sedikit bahasa inggris ini, maka biasanya manfaatnya sangat-sangat kurang.

–

Sekarang kita kembali pada ABSTRACT NOUNS atau Kata benda abstrak (yang tak dapat dilihat dan diraba).

Baik dalam bahasa Indonesia atau bahasa inggris, kata benda abstrak ini bisa dibentuk dari kata kerja. Misalnya : bertindak (menjadi tindakan), menghayal (menjadi hayalan), belajar (menjadi pelajaran), dan sebagainya. Demikian pula dalam bahasa inggris. Nah, dalam bahasa inggris anda harus menghafalnya, itulah yang sangat mudah!, hehe..

Mengapa saya bilang “itulah yang mudah”? loh, buat apa bilang “itulah yang susah!”, toh cuma bilang saja apa susahnya kita bilang mudah, nanti jadi mudah beneran. Itulah kunci belajar bahasa inggris, jangan bilang bahasa inggis itu susah, nanti jadi susah betulan hoi!. Toh untuk bilang mudah atau susah kan sama saja waktu dan energi yang kita keluarkan, dan untuk bilang susah atau mudah juga gratis saja, namun efeknya jauh berbeda, kalau dibilang sulit nanti akan membuat kita malas dan tak bisa bahasa inggris, kalau dibilang mudah nanti akan membuat kita bersemangat dan pada akhirnya lebih mudah untuk bisa betulan bahasa inggris. Kalau begitu, bilang saja “bahasa inggris itu sangat mudah”. Setuju ya?

Ok, kata benda abstrak yang berasal dari kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris mempunyai ciri-ciri.

Contoh kata kerja yang menjadi kata benda abstract yang ditambahi akhiran -ion, -tion, -ation misalnya: inform (menjadi information), imagine (menjadi imagination), explain (menjadi explanation). Memang, rumusnya tak ada yang pasti, karena itulah saya bilang anda harus menghafal. Jika anda sering memakainya dalam ucapan atau tulisan atau sering dipraktekkan maka tentu saja bahasa inggris ini akan nempel. Sama saja dengan bahasa indonesia bukan? misalnya terbang menjadi penerbangan, meniru menjadi tiruan, dan sebagainya.

Ada juga yang diakhir dengan -ment. Contohnya: agree (menjadi aggreement), pay (menjadi payment), move (menjadi movement) dan sebagainya.

Ada yang diakhiri dengan -ence atau -ance seperti assist (menjadi assistance), differ (menjadi difference), enter (menjadi enterance), dan sebagainya.

Masih banyak sekali akhiran-akhiran lain, seperti -s, -se-, -cy dan sebagainya. Saran saya anda membeli buku Tata Bahasa Inggris atau English Grammar, biasanya di buku Tata Bahasa Inggris yang lengkap terdapat tabel tentang abstract nouns ini.

Bisa juga kata benda abstrak berasal dari kata sifat. Misalnya safe (menjadi safety), real (menjadi reality), happy (menjadi happiness), important (menjadi importance), beautiful (menjadi beauty), hungry (malah menjadi hunger), memang membingungkan keculai anda sering menggunakan kata-kata ini dalam praktek bahasa inggris.

–

Penggunaan Kata Benda Dalam Kalimat

Ingat, pelajran yang lalu tentang berbedaan kata dan kalimat ya?. Nah, jika Anda memang belajar bahasa inggris secara bertahap, maka adalah benar jika anda menguasai pelajaran sebelumnya maka pelajaran yang lebih advance setelahnya akan mudah anda mengerti, sebaliknya jika anda tidak belajar bahasa inggris secara sistematis maka akan pusing sendiri, dan karena itulah kebanyak orang tak bisa bahasa inggris dengan baik. Wah kena deh sebagian orang ya, hehehe…

Ok, Kata bisa merupakan kata gabung (gabungan beberapa kata) dan dalam bahasa inggris harus dibalik karena menganut sistem MD (Menerangkan Diterangkan). Tapi kalau kalimat tidak boleh dibalik loh ya, ingat lagi pelajaran tentang Perbedaan Kata dan Kalimat please.

Di dalam kalimat, kata benda selalu berada di beberapa posisi, yaitu sebagai SUBJECT atau sebagai OBJECT atau object dari kata keterangan, atau object pelengkap. Ingat rumua kalimat selalu ada SUBJECT, PREDIKAT dan OBJEK/KETERANGAN. predikat bisa kata kerja, kata kerja bantu.

Contohnya:

Joko watches TV (Joko nonton TV).

Anda lihat, Joko dan TV adalah kata benda. Perhatikan susunannya tidak dibalik, karena kalimat. Ini yang bikin bingung banyak orang. Makanya saya jelaskan ulang-ulang.

Sekarang anda lihat contoh Kalimat dengan kata gabung:

Joko watches new TV (Joko nonton TV baru), maksudnya TV nya yang baru.

Anda lihat: Joko adalah Subject. watches (nonton) adalah Predikat. Sedangkan new TV adalah Objek kalimat tersebut. Perhatikan new TV dibalik, bukan TV new.

Berikut ini contoh kata benda abstract dalam kalimat:

Education is very important (pendidikan sangat penting).

Action speaks louder then words (Tindakan berbicara lebih keras dari kata-kata). Ini ungkapan kok, yang artinya tindakan lebih baik dari pada ngomong doang.

Dalam pelajaran bahasa inggris lainnya di website ini, kita akan banyak menggunakan istilah NOUNS atau kata benda, pastikan waktu disebut NOUNS anda punya gambaran yang jelas, seperti apa kata benda dan contoh-contohnya. Misalnya ketika saya sebut Adjective adalah kata sifat, yaitu kata yang menerangkan kata benda. Lantas Anda tak mengerti apa itu kata benda, maka jadinya adalah “kacau”. hehe..

Pelajaran bahasa inggris topik satu ini sebenarnya cukup singkat saja, walapun tanpa terasa telah panjang. Kalau anda membacanya sampai ke bagian ini (sampai habis), itu tandanya anda akan pandai sekali bahasa inggris dan bahasa inggris anda akan mantapp, asalkan anda terus belajar dan sering praktek.


sumber:http://bahasainggris.net/belajar/05-nouns-atau-kata-benda